{"id":3815,"date":"2024-05-04T00:19:24","date_gmt":"2024-05-03T22:19:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/?p=3815"},"modified":"2024-05-04T00:20:41","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T22:20:41","slug":"intervento-militare-leggi-e-costituzione","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/?p=3815","title":{"rendered":"Intervento militare: leggi e Costituzione"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3815\" class=\"elementor elementor-3815\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f685b8f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2f685b8f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\" data-core-v316-plus=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14006059 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"14006059\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.18.0 - 20-12-2023 *\/\n.elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--spacer-size)}.e-con{--container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(--container-widget-width,var(--spacer-size));--align-self:var(--container-widget-align-self,initial);--flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container{height:100%;width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--container-widget-height,var(--spacer-size))}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty{position:relative;min-height:22px;min-width:22px}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;margin:auto;padding:0;width:22px;height:22px}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b34f075 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b34f075\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\" data-core-v316-plus=\"true\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-607bfdeb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"607bfdeb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-421bac1c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"421bac1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.18.0 - 20-12-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Titolo notizia<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-206dbc46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"206dbc46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor\/assets\/css\/widget-icon-list.min.css\"><link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/assets\/css\/widget-theme-elements.min.css\">\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-8f04ea3 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4 Maggio 2024\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e005461 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6e005461\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53e9f849 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"53e9f849\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.18.0 - 20-12-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"623\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-04-000443.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3804\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-04-000443.png 623w, https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-04-000443-300x203.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f38777 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-excerpt\" data-id=\"4f38777\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-excerpt.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\tNell\u2019attuale contesto geopolitico, sono numerose le aree di crisi nelle quali la possibilit\u00e0 di un\nintervento diretto di alcuni Paesi occidentali potrebbe materializzarsi o, addirittura, divenire\nnecessario. In forza di questo scenario, vediamo come alcune delle principali potenze mondiali\ndisciplinano dal punto di vista costituzionale e legislativo le operazioni militari internazionali.\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2148a19c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2148a19c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.18.0 - 20-12-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\nline-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">ITALIA<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\nline-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">&#8211; Riferimenti\ncostituzionali:<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><b><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\nline-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Articolo 11<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">:\n<span style=\"color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">L&#8217;Italia ripudia la guerra come\nstrumento di offesa alla libert\u00e0 degli altri popoli e come mezzo di risoluzione\ndelle controversie internazionali; consente, in condizioni di parit\u00e0 con gli\naltri Stati, alle limitazioni di sovranit\u00e0 necessarie ad un ordinamento che\nassicuri la pace e la giustizia fra le Nazioni; promuove e favorisce le\norganizzazioni internazionali rivolte a tale scopo.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p><p><b><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Articolo 78: <\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Le Camere\ndeliberano lo stato di guerra e conferiscono al Governo i poteri necessari. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&#8211; Riferimenti legislativi:<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">La&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.normattiva.it\/uri-res\/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:2016;145\" target=\"_new\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">legge 145\/2016<\/span><\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"> (c.d. legge quadro\nsulle missioni internazionali) ha regolamentato le&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/temi.camera.it\/leg17\/temi\/rilievo_internazionale_della_difesa\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">missioni internazionali<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;con particolare riferimento ai\nprofili concernenti il trattamento economico e normativo del personale\nimpegnato in tali missioni e ai molteplici e peculiari profili amministrativi\nche caratterizzano le missioni stesse. Ulteriori disposizioni riguardano, poi,\nle procedure interne in forza delle quali \u00e8 possibile pervenire all&#8217;adozione\ndella decisione riguardante il coinvolgimento delle truppe italiane nell&#8217;ambito\ndelle missioni militari oltreconfine. La normativa ha coperto un <i>vulnus <\/i>in\nmateria.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Questa legge si applica fuori dal caso della\ndichiarazione di guerra da parte delle Camere, nella potest\u00e0 del Presidente\ndella Repubblica.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">L\u2019ambito della legge \u00e8 pertanto circoscritto<\/span><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Titillium Web&quot;;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\ncolor:#212121;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:\nIT\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">alla partecipazione\ndelle Forze armate, delle Forze di Polizia ad ordinamento militare o civile e\ndei corpi civili di pace a missioni internazionali istituite nell&#8217;ambito\ndell&#8217;Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite (ONU) o di altre organizzazioni\ninternazionali cui l&#8217;Italia appartiene o comunque istituite in conformit\u00e0 al\ndiritto internazionale, comprese le operazioni militari e le missioni civili di\npolizia e per lo stato di diritto dell&#8217;Unione europea (art. 1, comma 1); all&#8217;invio\ndi personale e di assetti, civili e militari, fuori del territorio nazionale,\nche avvenga secondo i termini della legalit\u00e0 internazionale, delle disposizioni\ne delle finalit\u00e0 costituzionali, in ottemperanza agli obblighi di alleanze o ad\naccordi internazionali o intergovernativi, o per eccezionali interventi\numanitari (art. 1, comma 1).<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Con riferimento al contenuto delle deliberazioni\ndel Consiglio dei ministri, l&#8217;articolo 2, comma 2 precisa che il Governo dovr\u00e0\nindicare per ciascuna missione l&#8217;area geografica di intervento, gli obiettivi,\nla base giuridica di riferimento, la composizione degli assetti da inviare,\ncompreso il numero massimo delle unit\u00e0 di personale coinvolte, nonch\u00e9 la durata\nprogrammata e il fabbisogno finanziario per l&#8217;anno in corso. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Entro il 31 dicembre, il Governo, su proposta del\nMinistro degli affari esteri e della cooperazione internazionale, di concerto\ncon il Ministro della difesa, con il Ministro dell&#8217;interno per la parte di\ncompetenza e con il Ministro dell&#8217;economia e delle finanze, presenta alle\nCamere, per la discussione e le conseguenti deliberazioni parlamentari, una\nrelazione analitica sulle missioni in corso, anche ai fini della loro\nprosecuzione per l&#8217;anno successivo. Tale relazione fa riferimento alle missioni\nconcluse nell&#8217;anno in corso e precisa l&#8217;andamento di ciascuna missione e i\nrisultati conseguiti.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Per quanto concerne il profilo finanziario\nconnesso alla partecipazione del personale civile e militare alle missioni\ninternazionali, l&#8217;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.normattiva.it\/uri-res\/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:2016;145~art4\" target=\"_new\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">articolo 4 di questa legge&nbsp;<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;ha previsto\nl&#8217;istituzione, nello stato di previsione del Ministero dell&#8217;economia e delle\nfinanze, di un apposito Fondo, destinato al finanziamento della partecipazione\nitaliana alle missioni internazionali , la cui dotazione \u00e8 stabilita\nannualmente dalla legge di bilancio (<b>29.184,2 milioni di euro, con un\naumento di 1.435,7 milioni rispetto ai 27.748,5 dello scorso anno<\/b>).<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">STATI UNITI<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&#8211; Riferimenti costituzionali:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><b><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Articolo I, Sezione 8, Clausola 11<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">: la Costituzione\nconcede al Congresso il potere di dichiarare guerra. Il Presidente, nel\nfrattempo, trae il potere di dirigere i militari dopo una dichiarazione di\nguerra del Congresso dall&#8217;articolo II, sezione 2, che nomina il Presidente\nComandante in Capo delle forze armate. La Costituzione difende (III\nemendamento) i civili e i loro beni da possibili soprusi dei soldati.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&#8211; Riferimenti legislativi:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Non abbiamo, similmente all\u2019Italia, una legge\nspecifica per il regolamento delle operazioni militari internazionali da parte\ndell\u2019esercito americano (le c.d. <i>overseas operations<\/i>). Negli Stati\nUniti, si ritiene che siano due le leggi che hanno dato il via alla\nlegittimazione di interventi militari internazionali sempre pi\u00f9 globali. La\nprima \u00e8 la <b>Public Law 107-40 del 2001 <\/b>che aveva autorizzato gli USA ad\nintervenire contro i responsabili degli attacchi terroristici dell\u201911 settembre\n2001. La legge per\u00f2 \u00e8 talmente tanto generica in alcuni punti che autorizza un\nintervento americano contro chiunque per prevenire futuri attacchi\nterroristici. Anche i mezzi da utilizzare in questo contesto non sono\nesplicitati perch\u00e9 si fa riferimento a tutto ci\u00f2 che \u00e8 appropriato per vincere\nquesta missione internazionale. La seconda \u00e8 la <b>Public Law 107-206 del 2002 <\/b>volta\na proteggere il personale&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Armed_Forces\" title=\"Forze armate degli Stati Uniti\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">militare\ndegli Stati Uniti<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;e altri funzionari eletti e nominati dal governo\namericano&nbsp;contro&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prosecutor\" title=\"Pubblico Ministero\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">i procedimenti penali<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;da parte di un tribunale\npenale internazionale. La legge conferisce al Presidente il potere di\nutilizzare &#8220;tutti i mezzi necessari e appropriati per ottenere il rilascio\ndi qualsiasi membro del personale statunitense o alleato detenuto o\nimprigionato\u201d.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">REGNO UNITO<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&#8211; Principio di base:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Il Primo Ministro (che agisce con il Governo)\nprende le decisioni politiche chiave sull&#8217;uso delle forze armate. Il Re,\ntuttavia, rimane l&#8217;autorit\u00e0 suprema dei militari. Come comandante in capo, il Re\nsegue da vicino gli sviluppi nelle forze armate e nei servizi di sicurezza. Non\nvi \u00e8 alcun obbligo costituzionale che la Corona chieda alcuna forma esplicita\ndi approvazione parlamentare prima di impegnare le forze britanniche in\nun\u2019azione militare. In virt\u00f9 delle prerogative reali, il Sovrano pu\u00f2 dare\nl&#8217;ordine di iniziare un&#8217;azione militare, che di solito viene impartita su\nconsiglio del Governo di Sua Maest\u00e0.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&#8211; Riferimenti legislativi:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Fino al 2011, non c\u2019era alcuna fonte legislativa\nche permettesse al Parlamento di discutere della possibilit\u00e0 o meno di inviare\ntruppe britanniche in operazioni militari all\u2019estero. Nel 2011 \u00e8 iniziato un\ndibattito che ha dato i primi frutti nel 2013 quando la Camera dei Comuni ha\nnegato la missione militare britannica in Siria. Il ruolo del Parlamento \u00e8\nstato, in seguito, ulteriormente rafforzato dalla richiesta di ascoltare i suoi\nmembri sulla decisione di inviare truppe britanniche contro l\u2019ISIS in Iraq e in\nSiria. Nonostante l\u2019evoluzione di questi interventi, manca ancora oggi una\nformalizzazione del ruolo del Parlamento sulla tematica dell\u2019impegno militare.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: black; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">FRANCIA<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&#8211; Riferimenti costituzionali:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><b><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Articolo 35<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"> afferma che la dichiarazione di guerra \u00e8\nautorizzata dal Parlamento<\/span><span style=\"color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Il Governo informa il Parlamento della sua decisione di\ncoinvolgere le forze armate all&#8217;estero, entro tre giorni dall&#8217;inizio\ndell&#8217;intervento. Specifica gli obiettivi perseguiti. Tali informazioni potranno\ndar luogo ad un dibattito al quale non seguir\u00e0 alcuna votazione. Quando la\ndurata dell&#8217;intervento supera i quattro mesi, il Governo sottopone la proroga\nall&#8217;autorizzazione del Parlamento. Pu\u00f2 chiedere all&#8217;Assemblea Nazionale di\nprendere la decisione finale. Se il Parlamento non \u00e8 in sessione allo scadere\ndel quadrimestre, decide all&#8217;apertura della sessione successiva.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><b><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Punto 14 del Preambolo Costituzione del 1946 <\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">(riportato nell\u2019attuale\nCostituzione): La Repubblica francese, fedele alle sue tradizioni, si conforma\nalle norme del diritto pubblico internazionale. Non intraprender\u00e0 nessuna\nguerra nelle vedute di conquista e mai user\u00e0 le sue forze contro la libert\u00e0 di\nalcun popolo.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&#8211; Riferimenti legislativi:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Il potere del Parlamento sulla politica di difesa\n\u00e8 stato a lungo caratterizzato da una relativa debolezza, sia a causa della\nlettera della Costituzione del 1958 che della prassi istituzionale a partire\ndal Generale de Gaulle. La riforma costituzionale del 23 luglio 2008,\naumentando l&#8217;informazione sugli impegni militari spettante al Parlamento e il\ncontrollo sulle operazioni esterne, ha rappresentato una grande innovazione per\nil mondo delle forze armate.&nbsp;Fino al 2008, infatti, il Parlamento si\nlimitava, ai sensi dell&#8217;articolo 35, alla sola autorizzazione alla\ndichiarazione di guerra, disposizione che non \u00e8 mai stata utilizzata\ndall&#8217;inizio della Quinta Repubblica. Tuttavia, numerose relazioni e proposte\nhanno chiesto un aumento del ruolo del Parlamento, soprattutto da quando il\nnumero e il costo delle operazioni esterne (OPEX) sono aumentati in modo\nsignificativo e la loro natura si \u00e8 evoluta, da operazioni di mantenimento\ndella pace ad azioni che implicano sempre pi\u00f9 spesso reali azioni di\ncombattimento. A valle, per quanto riguarda l&#8217;estensione degli interventi\nesterni, il principio mantenuto \u00e8 quello dell&#8217;autorizzazione parlamentare\nquando la durata dell&#8217;intervento supera i quattro mesi. Una volta acquisito\nquesto voto, non vi \u00e8 pi\u00f9 alcun obbligo per il governo di tornare in\nParlamento, indipendentemente dalla durata dell\u2019operazione.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52c30aa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"52c30aa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ab232d1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5ab232d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" 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width=\"800\" height=\"92\" src=\"https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/LINTERNAZIONALE_Logo_ok-1024x118.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-238\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/LINTERNAZIONALE_Logo_ok-1024x118.png 1024w, https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/LINTERNAZIONALE_Logo_ok-300x35.png 300w, https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/LINTERNAZIONALE_Logo_ok-768x88.png 768w, https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/LINTERNAZIONALE_Logo_ok-1536x177.png 1536w, https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/LINTERNAZIONALE_Logo_ok-2048x236.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dd8a555 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3dd8a555\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69e27f12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"69e27f12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Coordinamento a cura di Ciro Sbail\u00f2<br><br>Universit\u00e0 degli Studi Internazionali di Roma - UNINT\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11e67194 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"11e67194\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Via Cristoforo Colombo, 200 - 00147 Roma | C.F. 97136680580 | P.I. 05639791002 | Codice SDI: M5UXCR1 | Mail: geodi@unint.eu\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nell\u2019attuale contesto geopolitico, sono numerose le aree di crisi nelle quali la possibilit\u00e0 di un<br \/>\nintervento diretto di alcuni Paesi occidentali potrebbe materializzarsi o, addirittura, divenire<br \/>\nnecessario. In forza di questo scenario, vediamo come alcune delle principali potenze mondiali<br \/>\ndisciplinano dal punto di vista costituzionale e legislativo le operazioni militari internazionali.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3804,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,17],"tags":[51,106],"class_list":["post-3815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analisi-rischi-sistema","category-geopolitica-h24","tag-armamenti","tag-diritto"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3815","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3815"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3815\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3820,"href":"https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3815\/revisions\/3820"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3804"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geodi.unint.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}